Broccoli (extract)
- Broccoli is een kruisbloemige groente uit de Brassica oleracea-familie.
- Broccoli bevat glucosinolaten, zoals glucoraphanine en glucobrassicine
- Broccoli stimuleert Indol-3-carbinol (I3C), wat een sterke invloed heeft op het oestradiolmetabolisme, een geslachtshormoon in de categorie oestrogenen
- Broccoli (extract) wordt voornamelijk ingezet bij een te hoog cholesterol, het stimuleren van de immuunfunctie, en bij het voorkomen van kanker
- Broccoli (extract) kan worden ingezet bij o.a. fibromyalgie, oestrogeendominantie en diabetes
In het kort
- Broccoli is een kruisbloemige groente uit de Brassica oleracea-familie.
- Broccoli bevat glucosinolaten, zoals glucoraphanine en glucobrassicine
- Broccoli stimuleert Indol-3-carbinol (I3C), wat een sterke invloed heeft op het oestradiolmetabolisme, een geslachtshormoon in de categorie oestrogenen
- Broccoli (extract) wordt voornamelijk ingezet bij een te hoog cholesterol, het stimuleren van de immuunfunctie, en bij het voorkomen van kanker
- Broccoli (extract) kan worden ingezet bij o.a. fibromyalgie, oestrogeendominantie en diabetes
Wat is broccoli (extract)?
Broccoli is een van de vele gewasvariëteiten van de Brassica oleracea-soort. De wetenschappelijke benaming is Brassica oleracea. Andere variëteiten van deze soort zijn boerenkool, kool, spruitjes en bloemkool.1
Gebruik
Oraal wordt broccoli gebruikt voor een hoog cholesterolgehalte (hypercholesterolemie), het voorkomen van kanker en het stimuleren van de immuunfunctie.
Veiligheid
Broccoli is veilig te consumeren als voedingsmiddel, of in gelijksoortige hoeveelheden in extractvorm.1
Interacties
Medicijnen
Bewijs uit in vivo onderzoek suggereert dat de consumptie van broccoli de activiteit van cytochroom P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) en cytochroom P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) induceert.42 In theorie zou broccoli het metabolisme kunnen verhogen en de niveaus van geneesmiddelen die door CYP1A2 of CYP2A6 worden gemetaboliseerd, kunnen verlagen.
Dosering
Bij fibromyalgie wordt doorgaans 100 mg Ascorbigen en 400 mg broccolipoeder eenmaal daags gebruikt gedurende één maand.43
Bij hypercholesterolemie wordt 160 gram van een drank met broccoli, kool en fruit tweemaal daags gedurende 12 weken gebruikt.44
Bij prostaatkanker wordt een hele voedselformulering met 300 mg broccolipoeder, 300 mg kurkumapoeder, 300 mg granaatappelpoeder met heel fruit en 60 mg groene thee-extract per dag gedurende 6 maanden gebruikt.45
- Kristal AR, Lampe JW. Brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 2002;42:1-9.
- Lampe JW, Peterson S. Brassica, biotransformation and cancer risk: genetic polymorphisms alter the preventive effects of cruciferous vegetables. J Nutr 2002;132:2991-4.
- Rangkadilok N, Tomkins B, Nicolas ME, et al. The effect of post-harvest and packaging treatments on glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7386-91.
- Yu L, Gao B, Li Y, Wang TTY, Luo Y, Wang J, Yu LL. Home food preparation techniques impacted the availability of natural antioxidants and bioactivities in kale and broccoli. Food Funct. 2018;9(1):585-593.
- Ambrosone CB, McCann SE, Freudenheim JL, et al. Breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is inversely associated with consumption of broccoli, a source of isothiocyanates, but is not modified by GST genotype. J Nutr 2004;134:1134-8.
- Hara M, Hanaoka T, Kobayashi M, et al. Cruciferous vegetables, mushrooms, and gastrointestinal cancer risks in a multicenter, hospital-based case-control study in Japan. Nutr Cancer 2003;46:138-47.
- Zhao H, Lin J, Grossman HB, et al. Dietary isothiocyanates, GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2 polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2007;120:2208-13.
- Wu QJ, Yang Y, Vogtmann E, et al. Cruciferous vegetables intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(4):1079-87.
- Tse G, Eslick GD. Cruciferous vegetables and risk of colorectal neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer. 2014;66(1):128-39.
- Chu YF, Sun J, Wu X, Liu RH. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:6910-6.
- Mithen R, Faulkner K, Magrath R, et al. Development of isothiocyanate-enriched broccoli, and its enhanced ability to induce phase 2 detoxification enzymes in mammalian cells. Theor Appl Genet 2003;106:727-34.
- Walters DG, Young PJ, Agus C, et al. Cruciferous vegetable consumption alters the metabolism of the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in humans. Carcinogenesis 2004;25:1659-69.
- Finley JW. The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) may explain the protective effects of cruciferous vegetables on cancer. Nutr Rev 2003;61:250-4.
- Finley JW. Reduction of cancer risk by consumption of selenium-enriched plants: enrichment of broccoli with selenium increases the anticarcinogenic properties of broccoli. J Med Food 2003;6:19-26.
- Michnovicz JJ. Increased estrogen 2-hydroxylation in obese women using oral indole-3-carbinol. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998;22:227-9.
- Michnovicz JJ, Bradlow HL. Induction of estradiol metabolism by dietary indole-3-carbinol in humans. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:947-9.
- Bradlow HL, Michnovicz J, Telang NT, Osborne MP. Effects of dietary indole-3-carbinol on estradiol metabolism and spontaneous mammary tumors in mice. Carcinogenesis 1991;12:1571-4.
- Grubbs CJ, Steele VE, Casebolt T, et al. Chemoprevention of chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis by indole-3-carbinol. Anticancer Res 1995;15:709-16.
- Kojima T, Tanaka T, Mori H. Chemoprevention of spontaneous endometrial cancer in female Donryu rats by dietary indole-3-carbinol. Cancer Res 1994;54:1446-9.
- Yuan F, Chen DZ, Liu K, et al. Anti-estrogenic activities of indole-3-carbinol in cervical cells: implication for prevention of cervical cancer. Anticancer Res 1999;19:1673-80.
- Balk JL. Indole-3-carbinol for cancer prevention. Altern Med Alert 2000; 3:105-7.
- He YH, Friesen MD, Ruch RJ, Schut HA. Indole-3-carbinol as a chemopreventive agent in 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) carcinogenesis: inhibition of PhIP-DNA adduct formation, acceleration of PhIP metabolism, and induction of cytochrome P450 in female F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2000;38:15-23.
- Telang NT, Katdare M, Bradlow HL, et al. Inhibition of proliferation and modulation of estradiol metabolism: novel mechanisms for breast cancer prevention by the phytochemical indole-3-carbinol. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1997;216:246-52.
- Bradlow HL, Sepkovic DW, Telang NT, Osborne MP. Multifunctional aspects of the action of indole-3-carbinol as an antitumor agent. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999;889:204-13.
- Exon JH, South EH. Dietary indole-3-carbinol alters immune functions in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2000;59:271-9.
- Natl Inst Health, Natl Inst Environmental Health Sci. Indole-3-carbinol. http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov.
- Dashwood RH. Indole-3-carbinol: anticarcinogen or tumor promoter in brassica vegetables? Chem Biol Interact 1998;110:1-5.
- Kim DJ, Han BS, Ahn B, et al. Enhancement by indole-3-carbinol of liver and thyroid gland neoplastic development in a rat medium-term multiorgan carcinogenesis model. Carcinogenesis 1997;18:377-81.
- Pence BC, Buddingh F, Yang SP. Multiple dietary factors in the enhancement of dimethylhydrazine carcinogenesis: main effect of indole-3-carbinol. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986;77:269-76.
- Bailey GS, Dashwood RH, Fong AT, et al. Modulation of mycotoxin and nitrosamine carcinogenesis by indole-3-carbinol: quantitative analysis of inhibition versus promotion. IARC Sci Publ 1991;105:275-80.
- Srivastava B, Shukla Y. Antitumour promoting activity of indole-3-carbinol in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 1998;134:91-5.
- Chiao JW, Chung FL, Kancherla R, et al. Sulforaphane and its metabolite mediate growth arrest and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2002;20:631-6.
- Brooks JD, Paton V. Potent induction of carcinogen defense enzymes with sulforaphane, a putative prostate cancer chemopreventive agent. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 1999;2:S8.
- Zhang Y, Callaway EC. High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate. Biochem J 2002;364:301-7.
- Heiss E, Herhaus C, Klimo K, et al. Nuclear factor kappa B is a molecular target for sulforaphane-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms. J Biol Chem 2001;276:32008-15.
- Zhang J, Svehlikova V, Bao Y, et al. Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation. Carcinogenesis 2003;24:497-503.
- Hintze KJ, Keck AS, Finley JW, Jeffery EH. Induction of hepatic thioredoxin reductase activity by sulforaphane, both in Hepa1c1c7 cells and in male Fisher 344 rats. J Nutr Biochem 2003;14:173-9.
- Conaway CC, Getahun SM, Liebes LL, et al. Disposition of glucosinolates and sulforaphane in humans after ingestion of steamed and fresh broccoli. Nutr Cancer 2000;38:168-78.
- Nestle M. Broccoli sprouts in cancer prevention. Nutr Rev 1998;56:127-30.
- Barcelo S, Mace K, Pfeifer AM, Chipman JK. Production of DNA strand breaks by N-nitrosodimethylamine and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline in THLE cells expressing human CYP isoenzymes and inhibition by sulforaphane. Mutat Res 1998;402:111-20.
- Ballance S, Knutsen SH, Fosvold ØW, Wickham M, Trenado CD, Monro J. Glyceamic and insulinaemic response to mashed potato alone, or with broccoli, broccoli fibre or cellulose in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(1):199-207.
- Hakooz, N. and Hamdan, I. Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo caffeine metabolism: a pilot study on a group of Jordanian volunteers. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8(1):9-15.
- Bramwell, B., Ferguson, S., Scarlett, N., and Macintosh, A. The use of ascorbigen in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients: a preliminary trial. Altern.Med Rev 2000;5(5):455-462.
- Takai, M., Suido, H., Tanaka, T., Kotani, M., Fujita, A., Takeuchi, A., Makino, T., Sumikawa, K., Origasa, H., Tsuji, K., and Nakashima, M. LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of a mixed green vegetable and fruit beverage containing broccoli and cabbage in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Rinsho Byori 2003;51(11):1073-1083.
- Thomas R, Williams M, Sharma H, Chaudry A, Bellamy P. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial evaluating the effect of a polyphenol-rich whole food supplement on PSA progression in men with prostate cancer–the U.K. NCRN Pomi-T study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2014;17(2):180-6