Zaagpalm (Saw Palmetto)
Wat is Zaagpalm (Saw Palmetto)?
Saw palmetto, ook wel bekend als de Amerikaanse dwergpalm, is een boom afkomstig uit West-Indië en de zuidoostkust van Noord-Amerika. De zaagpalm groeit tot een hoogte van 2 tot 3 meter en wordt gekenmerkt door doornvormige bladeren die zijn gerangschikt als een waaier (89449). De bessen, die kastanjebruin van kleur en langwerpig van vorm zijn, worden gebruikt voor medicinale toepassingen (6751,89449).
Belangrijkste kenmerken:
- Enig bewijs voor gebruik bij het verminderen van complicaties van transurethrale resectie van de prostaat (TURP). Vaak gebruikt voor goedaardige prostaathyperplasie (BPH) (goedaardige prostaatvergroting) en andere prostaataandoeningen, androgene alopecia, seksuele disfunctie en andere aandoeningen.
- Waarschijnlijk veilig bij gebruik oraal en op de juiste manier tot 3 jaar. Bijwerkingen kunnen zijn: duizeligheid, hoofdpijn en maag-darmklachten.
- Geen bekende belangrijke interacties.
- Saw palmetto wordt verondersteld anti-androgene, antiproliferatieve en ontstekingsremmende effecten te hebben.
In de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw werd zaagpalm-thee opgenomen in de United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary. Het werd later echter verwijderd omdat er geen actief ingrediënt kon worden geïdentificeerd om de effecten ervan te verklaren (89450).
Gebruik
Oraal
Oraal wordt zaagpalm gebruikt voor goedaardige prostaathyperplasie (BPH), waardoor complicaties van transurethrale resectie van de prostaat (TURP), prostatitis, chronische prostatitis en chronisch bekkenpijnsyndroom (CP/CPPS) worden verminderd. Het wordt ook gebruikt voor androgene alopecia, hypotone blaas, slapeloosheid, seksueel verlangen en seksuele disfunctie. Het wordt ook gebruikt voor verkoudheid, hoesten, keelpijn, astma, chronische bronchitis, migraine en hirsutisme (overmatige lichaamsbeharing bij vrouwen).
Topisch
Topisch wordt zaagpalm gebruikt voor androgene alopecia en hirsutisme.
Werking
Het toepasbare deel van zaagpalm is de rijpe vrucht. De lipidefractie bevat vluchtige oliën en vette oliën, waarvan wordt aangenomen dat ze de actieve componenten zijn bij de behandeling van goedaardige prostaathyperplasie (BPH). Veel zaagpalm-producten zijn gestandaardiseerd op basis van het vetzuurgehalte (73313). De meeste zaagpalm-extracten die in klinische onderzoeken voor goedaardige prostaathyperplasie (BPH) worden gebruikt, zijn bessenextracten bereid met lipofiele niet-polaire oplosmiddelen die 80 tot 90 procent vrije vetzuren bevatten. Een analyse van zaagpalm-producten die in Europa in de handel verkrijgbaar zijn, laat echter zien dat het gehalte aan vrije vetzuren in deze producten varieert van ongeveer 41 tot 81 (17305).
In een analyse van zaagpalmproducten die in Europa in de handel verkrijgbaar zijn, laat aanzienlijke verschillen in chemisch profiel zien. Het gehalte aan vrije vetzuren in deze producten varieert van ongeveer 41 tot 81 procent (17305). De meeste klinische onderzoeken die zaagpalm voor klinische toepassingen evalueren, hebben zaagpalm-extracten gebruikt die 80 tot 95 procent vrije vetzuren bevatten (17684,60442).
Waterextractie, inclusief gezette thee, extraheert waarschijnlijk niet voldoende vetoplosbare actieve bestanddelen.
Andrenerge effecten
In vitro bewijs suggereert dat zaagpalm-extract alfa-adrenerge remmende eigenschappen heeft (5095). Ander bewijs suggereert echter dat zaagpalm in vivo niet werkt als een alfa1-adrenoceptorantagonist (73310).
Anti-androgene effecten
Zaagpalm heeft anti-androgene, antiproliferatieve en ontstekingsremmende eigenschappen die naar verluidt verantwoordelijk zijn voor het verbeteren van de symptomen van goedaardige prostaathyperplasie (BPH). Zaagpalm lijkt 5-alpha-reductase type 1 en 2 niet-competitief te remmen en de omzetting van testosteron in dihydrotestosteron (DHT) in vitro te voorkomen, wat de prostaatgroei zou kunnen verminderen (6765,6769,6770,6773,17308,70232,73359, 73369,73371). De 5-alfa-reductasespiegels in prostaatweefsel en serumtestosteron, DHT en PSA worden echter niet significant verlaagd door zaagpalm in vivo (2735,5093,6771,17308,73364,73373,73398,73399). Zaagpalm lijkt de totale grootte van de prostaat niet te beïnvloeden, maar krimpt het binnenste prostaatepitheel (2736,5093,73400). Zaagpalm zou de proliferatie van prostaatcellen kunnen vertragen door de fibroblastgroeifactor en epidermale groeifactor te remmen en apoptose te stimuleren (6765,6769,6770,11224,73325,73359,73376,73378,73390,73391) (73392,73399).
Remming van 5-alpha-reductase en preventie van omzetting van testosteron in DHT kan bijdragen aan de activiteit van zaagpalm bij androgene alopecia. Er wordt gesuggereerd dat deze aandoening een verhoogde gevoeligheid van de haarzakjes voor DHT met zich meebrengt, waardoor hun groeifase en grootte afneemt (15550).
Ontstekingsremmende effecten
Ontstekingsmediatoren lijken bij te dragen aan de etiologie van BPH. Bij mannen met BPH lijkt een liposterolisch extract van zaagpalm de TNF -alfa en interleukine (IL) -1beta te verlagen, die markers zijn voor ontsteking in prostaatweefsel (11224). Uit laboratoriumonderzoek blijkt dat zaagpalm lipoxygenase en cyclo-oxygenase (COX) remt, die betrokken zijn bij ontstekingen (6769,6779,73328). Bovendien suggereert bewijs uit dieronderzoek dat zaagpalm mestcelaccumulatiedelen van de prostaat remt (73396).
Geneesmiddelenmetabolisme effecten
Er is tegenstrijdig bewijs over de effecten van zaagpalm op cytochroom P450 (CYP450) enzymen 2D6 (CYP2D6) en 3A4 (CYP3A4). In vitro bewijs suggereert dat zaagpalm CYP2D6 en CYP3A4 zou kunnen remmen (11026). Maar bij gebruik bij gezonde vrijwilligers lijkt 320 mg / dag zaagpalm geen invloed te hebben op CYP2D6 of CYP3A4 (11225,13712). Zaagpalm lijkt ook geen invloed te hebben op CYP1A2 of CYP2E1 bij gezonde vrijwilligers (13712).
Vruchtbaarheid
Vruchtbaarheidsonderzoeken uit het laboratorium geven aan dat zaagpalm geen effect heeft op de eicellen of de beweeglijkheid van het sperma, maar het kan metabole veranderingen in het sperma veroorzaken (4239,4240).
Hormonale effecten
Enig bewijs uit dieronderzoek suggereert dat zaagpalm-fruitextract oestrogene activiteit heeft vanwege de relatief hoge concentratie bèta-sitosterol (73366). Uit menselijk onderzoek blijkt echter dat zaagpalm-extract anti-oestrogene activiteit vertoont in prostaatweefsel van mannen met BPH (6766).
Immuunmodulerende effecten
In vitro bewijs suggereert dat zaagpalm-extract het immuunsysteem stimuleert door de macrofaagfagocytose tot 2,3-voudig te verhogen en de natuurlijke killercel-synthese van interferon-gamma tot 6,3-voudig te verhogen (73341).
Veiligheid
Waarschijnlijk veilig
Wanneer oraal en op de juiste manier gebruikt. Zaagpalm is veilig gebruikt in klinische onderzoeken die tot 3 jaar duurden (2732,2735,6750,6751,6752,6762,6764,6772,6773,6777) (6778,8330,11354,14274,14275,15550,17202, 17304,17306,17684) (73309,73315,73416,73417,73363,73380,73383,73384,73385,73389) (73420,73421,73422,73423,96410,96412).
Bij rectaal en correct gebruik. Zaagpalm is veilig gebruikt in klinisch onderzoek in doses van 640 mg eenmaal daags gedurende 30 dagen (73387). De veiligheid op lange termijn van zaagpalmetto die rectaal wordt toegediend, is echter niet bekend.
Zwangerschap en lactatie
Waarschijnlijk onveilig bij oraal gebruik. Zaagpalm heeft hormonale activiteit (6766); Vermijd te gebruiken.
Effectiviteit
Transurethrale resectie van de prostaat (TURP).
Klinisch onderzoek toont aan dat het dagelijks innemen van saw palmetto (Permixon, Pierre Fabre Medicament) 320 mg gedurende 2 maanden voorafgaand aan de operatie de duur van de operatie, de ontwikkeling van intraoperatieve complicaties, bloedverlies, de duur van katheterisatie en de duur van ziekenhuisopname vermindert in vergelijking met placebo (73323,73353). Hoewel deze onderzoeken voordelen hebben gevonden, vond een kleinere studie met een lagere dosis zaagpalmetto (Prostagood Mono, Abdi Ibrahim) 160 mg oraal eenmaal daags 5 weken voorafgaand aan transurethrale resectie van de prostaat (TURP) geen voordeel voor het verlagen van het risico op perioperatieve bloeding of afname van de dichtheid van prostaatweefsel (17202).
Interacties
Medicijnen
Anticoagulenten/plaatjesaggregatieremming
Zaagpalm verlengt de bloedingstijd (8659). Theoretisch zou zaagpalm het risico op bloedingen kunnen verhogen bij gelijktijdig gebruik met anticoagulantia of plaatjesaggregatieremmers. Sommige van deze medicijnen bevatten aspirine; clopidogrel (Plavix); niet-steroïde anti-inflammatoire geneesmiddelen (NSAID’s) zoals diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, anderen), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, anderen), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, anderen); dalteparine (Fragmin); enoxaparine (Lovenox); heparine; warfarine (Coumadin); en anderen.
Anticonceptie
Zaagpalm kan anti-oestrogene effecten hebben (6766). Theoretisch zou gelijktijdig gebruik met zaagpalm de anticonceptie kunnen verstoren.
Estrogenen
Zaagpalm kan anti-oestrogene effecten hebben (6766). Theoretisch kan gelijktijdig gebruik met zaagpalm de hormoontherapie verstoren.
Kruiden en supplementen
Anticoagulenten/plaatjesaggregatieremming
Zaagpalm verlengt de bloedingstijd (8659). Theoretisch kan het gelijktijdige gebruik van zaagpalm met andere kruiden en supplementen die de bloedplaatjesaggregatie beïnvloeden, het risico op bloedingen bij sommige mensen verhogen. Sommige van deze kruiden zijn onder meer engelwortel, kruidnagel, danshen, knoflook, gember, ginkgo, Panax ginseng en anderen.
Dosering
Volwassenen
Oraal
Androgene alopecia
Zaagpalm-extract 200 mg plus beta-sitosterol 50 mg, tweemaal daags gedurende 18 tot 24,7 maanden ingenomen, is gebruikt (15550).
Transutherale resectie van de prostaat (TURP)
Zaagpalm-extract (Permixon, Pierre Fabre Medicament) is gedurende twee maanden met 320 mg per dag gebruikt voordat de TURP-procedure werd gebruikt (73323,73353).
Chronische prostatitis en chronisch bekkenpijnsyndroom (CP/CPPS)
Zaagpalm-extract (Prostamol Uno, Profluss) is gebruikt in een dosering van 320 mg per dag (73329). Ook is een combinatie van lycopeenolie-extract 5 mg, zaagpalmetto-olie-extract 320 mg en geselenieerd natrium 50 mcg per dag gedurende acht weken gebruikt (73329).
Prostatitis
Een specifiek combinatieproduct dat 160 mg zaagpalmetto plus 120 gram brandnetel (ProstaMEV) bevat werd samen met een ander product dat 200 mg curcumine plus 100 mg quercetine (FlogMEV) bevat, gedurende twee weken gebruikt in combinatie met 600 mg prulifloxacine per dag (73346). Een combinatie van 320 mg zaagpalm, 200 mg Bacillus coagulans en 100 mg arbutine (Lactorepens) werd gedurende 30 dagen dagelijks gebruikt met 600 mg prulifloxacine per dag gedurende 21 dagen (96411). Een combinatie van zaagpalm, indole-3-carbinol en tweemaal daags 2 capsules epigallocatexin-3-gallate (Indigal Plus) is gedurende 3 maanden gebruikt met tweemaal daags 200 mg sparfloxacine gedurende 1 maand (73355).
Topisch
Androgene alopecia
Er is gebruik gemaakt van zaagpalmlotion die gedurende 50 weken tweemaal daags werd aangebracht (73435).
- 598 Hamid S, Rojter S, Vierling J. Protracted cholestatic hepatitis after the use of Prostata. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:169-70.
- 764 Gerber GS, Zagaja GP, Bales GT, et al. Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: effects on urodynamic parameters and voiding symptoms. Urol 1998;51:1003-7.
- 2732 Wilt TJ, Ishani A, Stark G, et al. Saw palmetto extracts for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. JAMA 1998;280:1604-9.
- 2735 Marks LS, Tyler VE. Saw palmetto extract: newest (and oldest) treatment alternative for men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 1999;53:457-61.
- 2736 USRF Research. Clinical effects of saw palmetto extract in men with symptomatic BPH webpage: www.usrf.org/spepapers.html (Accessed 23 June 2004).
- 4239 Ondrizek RR, Chan PJ, Patton WC, King A. Inhibition of human sperm motility by specific herbs used in alternative medicine. J Assist Reprod Genet 1999;16:87-91.
- 4240 Ondrizek RR, Chan PJ, Patton WC, King A. An alternative medicine study of herbal effects on the penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes and the integrity of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid. Fertil Steril 1999;71:517-22. View abstract.
- 5093 Marks L, Partin AW, Epstein JI, et al. Effects of a saw palmetto herbal blend in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 2000;163:1451-6. View abstract.
- 5094 Gerber GS. Saw palmetto for the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol 2000;163:1408-12.
- 5095 Goepel M, Hecker U, Krege S, et al. Saw palmetto extracts potently and noncompetitively inhibit human alpha1-adrenoceptors in vitro. Prostate 1999;38:208-15.
- 6424 Carraro JC, Raynaud JP, Koch G, et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finasteride in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate 1996;29:231-40.
- 6484 Small EJ, Frohlich MW, Bok R, et al.Prospective trial of the herbal supplement, PC-SPES, in patients with pregressive prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3595-603.
- 6750 Champault G, Patel JC, Bonnard AM. A double-blind trial of an extract of the plant Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984;18:461-2.
- 6751 Braeckman J. The extract of serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study. Curr Ther Res 1994;55:776-85.
- 6752 Reece-Smith H, Memon A, Smart CJ, Dewbury K. The value of permixon in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Br J Urol 1986;58:36-40.
- 6762 Wilt T, Ishani A, Stark G, et al. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD001423.
- 6763 Sokeland J. Combined sabal and urtica extract compared with finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of prostate volume and therapeutic outcome. BJU Int 2000;86:439-42.
- 6764 Boyle P, Robertson C, Lowe F, Roehrborn C. Meta-analysis of clinical trials of permixon in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology 2000;55:533-9.
- 6765 Di Silverio F, Monti S, Sciarra A, et al. Effects of long-term treatment with Serenoa repens (Permixon) on the concentrations and regional distribution of androgens and epidermal growth factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 1998;37:77-83.
- 6766 Di Silverio F, D’Eramo G, Lubrano C, et al. Evidence that Serenoa repens extract displays an antiestrogenic activity in prostatic tissue of benign prostatic hypertrophy patients. Eur Urol 1992;21:309-14.
- 6769 Levin RM, Das AK. A scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of Pygeum africanum and Serenoa repens. Urol Res 2000;28:201-9.
- 6770 Bayne CW, Ross M, Donnelly F, Habib FK. The selectivity and specificity of the actions of the lipido-sterolic extract of serenoa repens (permixon®) on the prostate. J Urol 2000;164:876-81.
- 6771 Strauch G, Perles P, Vergult G, et al. Comparison of finasteride (Proscar) and Serenoa repens (Permixon) in the inhibition of 5-alpha reductase in healthy male volunteers. Eur Urol 1994;26:247-52.
- 6772 Stepanov VN, Siniakova LA, Sarrazin B, Raynaud JP. Efficacy and tolerability of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a double-blind comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv Ther 1999;16:231-41.
- 6773 Bayne CW, Donnelly F, Ross M, Habib FK. Serenoa repens (Permixon): a 5 alpha-reductase types I and II inhibitor-new evidence in a coculture model of BPH. Prostate 1999;40:232-41.
- 6775 Grasso M, Montesano A, Buonaguidi A, et al. Comparative effects of alfuzosin versus Serenoa repens in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Arch Esp Urol 1995;48:97-103.
- 6776 Adriazola-Semino M, Lozano-Ortega JL, Garcia-Cobo E, et al. [Symptomatic treatment of benign hypertrophy of the prostate. Comparative study of prazosin and serenoa repens]. Arch Esp Urol 1992; 45:211-3.
- 6777 Carbin BE, Larsson B, Lindahl O. Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with phytosterols. Br J Urol 1990;66:639-41.
- 6778 Descotes JL, Rambeaud JJ, Deschaseaux P, Faure G. Placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of Permixon in benign prostatic hyperplasia after exclusion of placebo responders Clin Drug Invest 1995; 9:291-7.
- 6779 Paubert-Braquet M, Mencia Huerta JM, Cousse H, Braquet P. Effect of the lipidic lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) on the ionophore A23187-stimulated production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1997;57:299-304.
- 6780 Gutierrez M, Garcia de Boto MJ, Cantabrana B, Hidalgo A. Mechanisms involved in the spasmolytic effect of extracts from Sabal serrulata fruit on smooth muscle. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:171-6.
- 8330 Romics I, Schmitz H, Frang D. Experience in treating benign prostatic hypertrophy with Sabal serrulata for one year. Int Urol Nephrol 1993;25:565-9.
- 8659 Cheema P, El-Mefty O, Jazieh AR. Intraoperative haemorrhage associated with the use of extract of Saw Palmetto herb: a case report and review of literature. J Intern Med 2001;250:167-9.
- 8901 Glemain P, Coulange C, Grapin FN, Muszynski RC. No benefit in combining tamsulosin with Serenoa repens versus tamsulosin alone on storage/filling and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms. [Abstract]. J Urol 2001;167:374.
- 8902 Goldmann WH, Sharma AL, Currier SJ, et al. Saw palmetto berry extract inhibits cell growth and Cox-2 expression in prostatic cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2001;25:1117-24.
- 11026 Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
- 11224 Vela Navarrete R, Garcia Cardoso JV, Barat A, et al. BPH and Inflammation: pharmacological effects of Permixon on histological and molecular inflammatory markers. Results of a double blind pilot clinical assay. Eur Urol 2003;44:549-55..
- 11225 Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, Devane CL, et al. Multiple doses of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) did not alter cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 activity in normal volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;74:536-42.
- 11241 Preuss HG, Marcusen C, Regan J, et al. Randomized trial of a combination of natural products (cernitin, saw palmetto, B-sitosterol, vitamin E) on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Int Urol Nephrol 2001; 33: 217-25.
- 11243 Debruyne F, Koch G, Boyle P, et al. [Comparison of a phytotherapeutic agent (Permixon) with an alpha-blocker (Tamsulosin) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a 1-year randomized international study]. Eur Urol 2002;41:497-506.
- 11314 Willetts KE, Clements MS, Champion S, et al. Serenoa repens extract for benign prostate hyperplasia: a randomized controlled trial. BJU Int 2003;92:267-70..
- 11354 Kaplan SA, Volpe MA, Te AE. A prospective, 1-year trial using saw palmetto versus finasteride in the treatment of category III prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. J Urol 2004;171:284-8. .
- 13712 Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
- 14274 Bent S, Kane C, Shinohara K, et al. Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med 2006;354:557-66.
- 14275 Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;(3):CD001423.
- 14457 Jibrin I, Erinle A, Saidi A, Aliyu ZY. Saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South Med J 2006;99:611-2.
- 15217 Bonnar-Pizzorno RM, Littman AJ, Kestin M, White E. Saw palmetto supplement use and prostate cancer risk. Nutr Cancer 2006;55:21-7.
- 15550 Prager N, Bickett K, French N, Marcovici G. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of botanically derived inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8:143-52.
- 15551 Sokeland J. Combined sabal and urtica extract compared with finasteride in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: analysis of prostate volume and therapeutic outcome. BJU Int 2000;86:439-42.
- 17202 Tuncel A, Ener K, Han O, et al. Effects of short-term dutasteride and Serenoa repens on perioperative bleeding and microvessel density in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2009;43:377-82.
- 17304 Tacklind J, MacDonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(2):CD001423.
- 17305 Habib FK, Wyllie MG. Not all brands are created equal: a comparison of selected components of different brands of Serenoa repens extract. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2004;7:195-200.
- 17306 Avins AL, Bent S, Staccone S, et al. A detailed safety assessment of a saw palmetto extract. Complement Ther Med 2008;16:147-54.
- 17307 Lopatkin N, Sivkov A, Walther C, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of a combination of sabal and urtica extract for lower urinary tract symptoms–a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. World J Urol 2005;23:139-46.
- 17308 Habib FK, Ross M, Ho CK, et al. Serenoa repens (Permixon) inhibits the 5alpha-reductase activity of human prostate cancer cell lines without interfering with PSA expression. Int J Cancer 2005;114:190-4.
- 17684 Barry MJ, Meleth S, Lee JY, et al. Effect of increasing doses of saw palmetto on lower urinary tract symptoms: a randomized trial. JAMA 2011;306:1344-51.
- 18215 Suter A, Saller R, Riedi E, Heinrich M. Improving BPH symptoms and sexual dysfunctions with a saw palmetto preparation? Results from a pilot trial. Results from a pilot trial. Phytother Res 2012 Apr 23. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4696.
- 50920 Pavone, C., Abbadessa, D., Tarantino, M. L., Oxenius, I., Lagana, A., Lupo, A., and Rinella, M. [Associating Serenoa repens, Urtica dioica and Pinus pinaster. Safety and efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Prospective study on 320 patients]. Urologia. 2010;77(1):43-51.
- 54715 MacLaughlin, B. W., Gutsmuths, B., Pretner, E., Jonas, W. B., Ives, J., Kulawardane, D. V., and Amri, H. Effects of homeopathic preparations on human prostate cancer growth in cellular and animal models. Integr.Cancer Ther 2006;5(4):362-372.
- 60442 Morgia, G., Mucciardi, G., Gali, A., Madonia, M., Marchese, F., Di, Benedetto A., Romano, G., Bonvissuto, G., Castelli, T., Macchione, L., and Magno, C. Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome category IIIA with Serenoa repens plus selenium and lycopene (Profluss) versus S. repens alone: an Italian randomized multicenter-controlled study. Urol.Int. 2010;84(4):400-406.
- 70221 Hutchison, A., Farmer, R., Verhamme, K., Berges, R., and Navarrete, R. V. The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of LUTS/BPH, a study in 6 European countries. Eur Urol 2007;51(1):207-215.
- 70223 Dedhia, R. C. and McVary, K. T. Phytotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J.Urol. 2008;179(6):2119-2125.
- 70232 Rhodes, L., Primka, R. L., Berman, C., Vergult, G., Gabriel, M., Pierre-Malice, M., and Gibelin, B. Comparison of finasteride (Proscar), a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, and various commercial plant extracts in in vitro and in vivo 5 alpha reductase inhibition. Prostate 1993;22(1):43-51.
- 73309 Bauer, H. W., Casarosa, C., Cosci, M., Fratta, M., and Blessmann, G. [Saw palmetto fruit extract for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind study]. MMW.Fortschr.Med 6-24-1999;141(25):62.
- 73310 Goepel, M., Dinh, L., Mitchell, A., Schafers, R. F., Rubben, H., and Michel, M. C. Do saw palmetto extracts block human alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in vivo? Prostate 2-15-2001;46(3):226-232.
- 73311 Medvedev, A. A., Siniakova, L. A., and Zaitsev, A. V. [Prostaplant treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Urologiia 2000;(4):13-15.
- 73312 Ishii, K., Usui, S., Sugimura, Y., Yamamoto, H., Yoshikawa, K., and Hiran, K. Extract from Serenoa repens suppresses the invasion activity of human urological cancer cells by inhibiting urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Biol Pharm Bull 2001;24(2):188-190.
- 73313 Iguchi, K., Okumura, N., Usui, S., Sajiki, H., Hirota, K., and Hirano, K. Myristoleic acid, a cytotoxic component in the extract from Serenoa repens, induces apoptosis and necrosis in human prostatic LNCaP cells. Prostate 2001;47(1):59-65.
- 73315 Gerber, G. S., Kuznetsov, D., Johnson, B. C., and Burstein, J. D. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of saw palmetto in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urology 2001;58(6):960-964.
- 73316 Anonymous. Effectiveness of lipidosterol extract Serenoa repens (Permixon) in patients with prostatic hyperplasia. Urologiia. 2002;(1):23-25.
- 73317 Debruyne, F., Koch, G., Boyle, P., Da Silva, F. C., Gillenwater, J. G., Hamdy, F. C., Perrin, P., Teillac, P., Vela-Navarrete, R., and Raynaud, J. P. [Comparison of a phytotherapeutic agent (Permixon) with an alpha-blocker (Tamsulosin) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a 1-year randomized international study]. Prog.Urol. 2002;12(3):384-392.
- 73318 Glemain, P., Coulange, C., Billebaud, T., Gattegno, B., Muszynski, R., and Loeb, G. [Tamsulosin with or without Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia: the OCOS trial]. Prog.Urol. 2002;12(3):395-403.
- 73319 Sinclair, R. D., Mallari, R. S., and Tate, B. Sensitization to saw palmetto and minoxidil in separate topical extemporaneous treatments for androgenetic alopecia. Australas.J Dermatol. 2002;43(4):311-312.
- 73320 Al Shukri, S. H., Deschaseaux, P., Kuzmin, I. V., and Amdiy, R. R. Early urodynamic effects of the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon(R)) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic.Dis. 2000;3(3):195-199.
- 73321 Giannakopoulos, X., Baltogiannis, D., Giannakis, D., Tasos, A., Sofikitis, N., Charalabopoulos, K., and Evangelou, A. The lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a comparison of two dosage regimens. Adv.Ther 2002;19(6):285-296.
- 73322 Pytel, Y. A., Vinarov, A., Lopatkin, N., Sivkov, A., Gorilovsky, L., and Raynaud, J. P. Long-term clinical and biologic effects of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Adv.Ther 2002;19(6):297-306.
- 73323 Pecoraro, S., Annecchiarico, A., Gambardella, M. C., and Sepe, G. [Efficacy of pretreatment with Serenoa repens on bleeding associated with transurethral resection of prostate]. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2004;56(1):73-78.
- 73324 Debruyne, F., Boyle, P., Calais, da Silva, Gillenwater, J. G., Hamdy, F. C., Perrin, P., Teillac, P., Vela-Navarrete, R., Raynaud, J. P., and Schulman, C. [Evaluation of the clinical benefit of Permixon and tamsulosin in severe BPH patients–PERMAL study subset analysis]. Prog.Urol. 2004;14(3):326-331.
- 73325 Vela-Navarrete, R., Escribano-Burgos, M., Farre, A. L., Garcia-Cardoso, J., Manzarbeitia, F., and Carrasco, C. Serenoa repens treatment modifies bax/bcl-2 index expression and caspase-3 activity in prostatic tissue from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2005;173(2):507-510.
- 73326 Djavan, B., Fong, Y. K., Chaudry, A., Reissigl, A., Anagnostou, T., Bagheri, F., Waldert, M., Fajkovic, H., Marihart, S., Harik, M., Spaller, S., and Remzi, M. Progression delay in men with mild symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction: a comparative study of phytotherapy and watchful waiting. World J Urol. 2005;23(4):253-256.
- 73327 Chan, J. M., Elkin, E. P., Silva, S. J., Broering, J. M., Latini, D. M., and Carroll, P. R. Total and specific complementary and alternative medicine use in a large cohort of men with prostate cancer. Urology 2005;66(6):1223-1228.
- 73329 Aliaev, IuG, Vinarov, A. Z., Lokshin, K. L., and Spivak, L. G. [Efficiency and safety of prostamol-Uno in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis]. Urologiia. 2006;(1):47-50.
- 73330 Engelmann, U., Walther, C., Bondarenko, B., Funk, P., and Schlafke, S. Efficacy and safety of a combination of sabal and urtica extract in lower urinary tract symptoms. A randomized, double-blind study versus tamsulosin. Arzneimittelforschung. 2006;56(3):222-229.
- 73331 Webber, R. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clin Evid. 2005;(14):1076-1091.
- 73332 Casner, P. R. Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl.J Med 5-4-2006;354(18):1950-1951.
- 73333 Dimitrakov, J. D. Saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl.J Med 5-4-2006;354(18):1950-1951.
- 73334 Lopatkin, N. A., Sivkov, A. V., Medvedev, A. A., Walter, K., Schlefke, S., Avdeichuk, IuI, Golubev, G. V., Mel’nik, K. P., Elenberger, N. A., and Engelman, U. [Combined extract of Sabal palm and nettle in the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms in double blind, placebo-controlled trial]. Urologiia. 2006;(2):12, 14-12, 19.
- 73336 Avins, A. L. and Bent, S. Saw palmetto and lower urinary tract symptoms: what is the latest evidence? Curr Urol Rep. 2006;7(4):260-265.
- 73337 Hizli, F. and Uygur, M. C. A prospective study of the efficacy of Serenoa repens, tamsulosin, and Serenoa repens plus tamsulosin treatment for patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Int.Urol.Nephrol. 2007;39(3):879-886.
- 73338 Magri, V., Trinchieri, A., Pozzi, G., Restelli, A., Garlaschi, M. C., Torresani, E., Zirpoli, P., Marras, E., and Perletti, G. Efficacy of repeated cycles of combination therapy for the eradication of infecting organisms in chronic bacterial prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob.Agents 2007;29(5):549-556.
- 73339 Hostanska, K., Suter, A., Melzer, J., and Saller, R. Evaluation of cell death caused by an ethanolic extract of Serenoae repentis fructus (Prostasan) on human carcinoma cell lines. Anticancer Res 2007;27(2):873-881.
- 73340 Yeu, E. and Grostern, R. Saw palmetto and intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome. J Cataract Refract.Surg 2007;33(5):927-928.
- 73341 Groom, S. N., Johns, T., and Oldfield, P. R. The potency of immunomodulatory herbs may be primarily dependent upon macrophage activation. J Med Food 2007;10(1):73-79.
- 73342 Magri, V., Trinchieri, A., Montanari, E., Del Nero, A., Mangiarotti, B., Zirpoli, P., de Eguileor, M., Marras, E., Ceriani, I., Vral, A., and Perletti, G. Reduction of PSA values by combination pharmacological therapy in patients with chronic prostatitis: implications for prostate cancer detection. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2007;79(2):84-92.
- 73343 Shi, R., Xie, Q., Gang, X., Lun, J., Cheng, L., Pantuck, A., and Rao, J. Effect of saw palmetto soft gel capsule on lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized trial in Shanghai, China. J.Urol. 2008;179(2):610-615.
- 73346 Cai, T., Mazzoli, S., Bechi, A., Addonisio, P., Mondaini, N., Pagliai, R. C., and Bartoletti, R. Serenoa repens associated with Urtica dioica (ProstaMEV) and curcumin and quercitin (FlogMEV) extracts are able to improve the efficacy of prulifloxacin in bacterial prostatitis patients: results from a prospective randomised study. Int.J Antimicrob.Agents 2009;33(6):549-553.
- 73347 Neff, K. D., Sandoval, H. P., Fernandez de Castro, L. E., Nowacki, A. S., Vroman, D. T., and Solomon, K. D. Factors associated with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome. Ophthalmology 2009;116(4):658-663.
- 73348 Agbabiaka, T. B., Pittler, M. H., Wider, B., and Ernst, E. Serenoa repens (saw palmetto): a systematic review of adverse events. Drug Saf 2009;32(8):637-647.
- 73350 Wargo, K. A., Allman, E., and Ibrahim, F. A possible case of saw palmetto-induced pancreatitis. South.Med.J. 2010;103(7):683-685.
- 73351 Lapi, F., Gallo, E., Giocaliere, E., Vietri, M., Baronti, R., Pieraccini, G., Tafi, A., Menniti-Ippolito, F., Mugelli, A., Firenzuoli, F., and Vannacci, A. Acute liver damage due to Serenoa repens: a case report. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69(5):558-560.
- 73352 Timmermans, L. M. and Timmermans, L. G., Jr. [Determination of the activity of extracts of Echinaceae and Sabal in the treatment of idiopathic megabladder in women]. Acta Urol Belg. 1990;58(2):43-59.
- 73353 Anceschi, R., Bisi, M., Ghidini, N., Ferrari, G., and Ferrari, P. Serenoa repens (Permixon(R)) reduces intra- and postoperative complications of surgical treatments of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2010;62(3):219-223.
- 73354 Mantovani, F. Serenoa repens in benign prostatic hypertrophy: analysis of 2 Italian studies. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 2010;62(4):335-340.
- 73355 Kul’chavenia, E. V., Breusov, A. A., Brizhatiuk, E. V., and Kholtobin, D. P. [Approaches to raising efficacy of treatment of patients with chronic prostatitis associated with intracellular infections]. Urologiia. 2010;(6):55-58.
- 73357 MacDonald, R., Tacklind, J. W., Rutks, I., and Wilt, T. J. Serenoa repens monotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): an updated Cochrane systematic review. BJU.Int. 2012;109(12):1756-1761.
- 73358 Hanaka, M., Yoshii, C., Yatera, K., Ito, C., Chojin, Y., Nagata, S., Yamasaki, K., Nishida, C., Kawanami, T., Kawanami, Y., Ishimoto, H., and Mukae, H. [A case of rhabdomyolysis caused by saw palmetto of healthy foods]. J.UOEH. 6-1-2012;34(2):193-199.
- 73359 Scaglione, F., Lucini, V., Pannacci, M., Dugnani, S., and Leone, C. Comparison of the potency of 10 different brands of Serenoa repens extracts. Eur.Rev.Med.Pharmacol.Sci. 2012;16(5):569-574.
- 73360 Giulianelli, R., Pecoraro, S., Sepe, G., Leonardi, R., Gentile, B. C., Albanesi, L., Brunori, S., Mavilla, L., Pisanti, F., Giannella, R., Morello, P., Tuzzolo, D., Coscione, M., Galasso, F., D’Angelo, T., Ferravante, P., Morelli, E., and Miragliuolo, A. Multicentre study on the efficacy and tolerability of an extract of Serenoa repens in patients with chronic benign prostate conditions associated with inflammation. Arch.Ital.Urol.Androl 2012;84(2):94-98.
- 73361 Miroddi, M., Carni, A., Mannucci, C., Moleti, M., Navarra, M., and Calapai, G. Hot flashes in a young girl: a wake-up call concerning Serenoa repens use in children. Pediatrics 2012;130(5):e1374-e1376.
- 73362 Bertaccini, A., Giampaoli, M., Cividini, R., Gattoni, G. L., Sanseverino, R., Realfonso, T., Napodano, G., Fandella, A., Guidoni, E., Prezioso, D., Galasso, R., Cicalese, C., Scattoni, V., Armenio, A., Conti, G., Corinti, M., Spasciani, R., Liguori, G., Lampropoulou, N., and Martorana, G. Observational database serenoa repens (DOSSER): overview, analysis and results. A multicentric SIUrO (Italian Society of Oncological Urology) project. Arch.Ital.Urol.Androl 2012;84(3):117-122.
- 73363 Tasca, A., Barulli, M., Cavazzana, A., Zattoni, F., Artibani, W., and Pagano, F. [Treatment of obstructive symptomatology caused by prostatic adenoma with an extract of Serenoa repens. Double-blind clinical study vs. placebo]. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 1985;37(1):87-91.
- 73364 Casarosa, C., Cosci, di Coscio, and Fratta, M. Lack of effects of a lyposterolic extract of Serenoa repens on plasma levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. Clin Ther 1988;10(5):585-588.
- 73366 Elghamry, M. I. and Hansel, R. Activity and isolated phytoestrogen of shrub palmetto fruits (Serenoa repens Small), a new estrogenic plant. Experientia 8-15-1969;25(8):828-829.
- 73367 Champault, G., Bonnard, A. M., Cauquil, J., and Patel, J. C. [Medical treatment of prostatic adenoma. Controlled trial: PA 109 vs placebo in 110 patients]. Ann Urol (Paris) 1984;18(6):407-410.
- 73368 Schneider, H. J., Honold, E., and Masuhr, T. [Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Results of a treatment study with the phytogenic combination of Sabal extract WS 1473 and Urtica extract WS 1031 in urologic specialty practices]. Fortschr Med 1-30-1995;113(3):37-40.
- 73369 Iehle, C., Delos, S., Guirou, O., Tate, R., Raynaud, J. P., and Martin, P. M. Human prostatic steroid 5 alpha-reductase isoforms–a comparative study of selective inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995;54(5-6):273-279.
- 73370 Vahlensieck, W., Jr., Volp, A., Lubos, W., and Kuntze, M. [Benign prostatic hyperplasia–treatment with sabal fruit extract. A treatment study of 1,334 patients]. Fortschr Med 6-30-1993;111(18):323-326.
- 73371 Weisser, H., Tunn, S., Behnke, B., and Krieg, M. Effects of the sabal serrulata extract IDS 89 and its subfractions on 5 alpha-reductase activity in human benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 1996;28(5):300-306.
- 73373 Buck, A. C. Phytotherapy for the prostate. Br J Urol 1996;78(3):325-336.
- 73374 Plosker, G. L. and Brogden, R. N. Serenoa repens (Permixon). A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Drugs Aging 1996;9(5):379-395.
- 73375 Flamm, J., Kiesswetter, H., and Englisch, M. [An urodynamic study of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy treated conservatively with phytotherapy or testosterone (author’s transl)]. Wien.Klin.Wochenschr. 9-28-1979;91(18):622-627.
- 73376 Paubert-Braquet, M., Richardson, F. O., Servent-Saez, N., Gordon, W. C., Monge, M. C., Bazan, N. G., Authie, D., and Braquet, P. Effect of Serenoa repens extract (Permixon) on estradiol/testosterone- induced experimental prostate enlargement in the rat. Pharmacol Res 1996;34(3-4):171-179.
- 73377 Kondas, J., Philipp, V., and Dioszeghy, G. Sabal serrulata extract (Strogen forte) in the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int Urol.Nephrol. 1996;28(6):767-772.
- 73378 Paubert-Braquet, M., Cousse, H., Raynaud, J. P., Mencia-Huerta, J. M., and Braquet, P. Effect of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) and its major components on basic fibroblast growth factor-induced proliferation of cultures of human prostate biopsies. Eur Urol 1998;33(3):340-347.
- 73379 Mohanty NK, Jha RJ, and Dutt C. Randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial of Serenoa repens versus placebo in the management of patients with symptomatic grade I to grade II benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Indian J Urol 1999;16(1):26-31.
- 73380 Cukier J, Ducassou J, Le Guillou M, and et al. Permixon versus placebo; resultats d’une etude multicentrique. C R Ther Pharmacol Clin 1985;4(25):15-21.
- 73381 Sokeland J and Albrecht J. Kombination aus Sabal und Urticaextrakt vs. finasterid bei BPH (Stad I bis II nach Alken). Urologe 1997;36 (4):327-333.
- 73382 Reece Smith H, Memon A, Smart C, and et al. The value of Permixon in benign prostatic hypertrophy. Brit J Urol 1986;58(1):36-40.
- 73383 Bach D and Ebeling L. Long-term drug treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia–results of a prospective 3-year multicenter study using Sabal extract IDS 89. Phytomed 1996;3:105-111.
- 73384 Braeckman J, Denis L, de Leval J, and et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the plant extract Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign hyperplasia of the prostate. Eur J Clin Res 1997;9:247-259.
- 73385 Braeckman J, Bruhwyler J, Vandekerckhove K, and et al. Efficacy and safety of the extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: therapeutic equivalence between twice and once daily dosage forms. Phytother Res 1997;11:558-563.
- 73386 Glemain, C. Coulange F. N. Grapin et al. No benefit in combining tamsulosin with Serenoa repens versus tamsulosin alone on storage/filling and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol, 2002;167 (suppl 4)(Abstract 1486):374.
- 73387 Roveda S and Colombo P. Clinical controlled trial on therapeutical bioequivalence and tolerability of Serenoa repens oral capsules 160mg or rectal capsules 640mg. Arch Med Interna 1994;46(2):61-75.
- 73388 Braeckman J. The extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multicenter open study. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(7):776-785.
- 73389 Descotes J, Rambeaud J, Deschaseaux P, and et al. Placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of Permixon in benign prostatic hyperplasia after exclusion of placebo responders. Clin Drug Invest 1995;9(5):291-297.
- 73390
- Paubert-Braquet M, Raynaud JP, and Braquet PG. Permixon [lipid sterolic extract of
- 73391
- Vacherot F, Azzouz M, Gil-Diez-De-Medina S, and et al. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation by the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa repens (LSEr, Permixon) in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 2000;45(3):259-266.
- 73392
- Van Coppenolle F, Le Bourhis X, Carpentier F, and et al. Pharmacological effects of the lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) on rat prostate hyperplasia induced by hyperprolactinemia: comparison with finasteride. Prostate 2000;43(1):49-58.
- 73396
- Mitropoulos D, Kiroudi A, Mitsogiannis I, and et al. In vivo effect of the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) on mast cells accumulation and glandular epithelium trophism in the rat prostate. J Urol 1999;161(4S):362.
- 73398
- Di Silverio F, Sciarra A, D’Eramo G, and et al. Zonal distribution of androgens and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human BPH tissue: responsiveness to flutamide, finasteride, and Serenoa repens administration. Brit J Urol 1997;80(Suppl 2):214.
- 73399
- Di Silverio F, Monti S, Sciarra A, and et al. Effects of long-term treatment with Serenoa repens (Permixon) on the concentrations and regional distribution of androgens and epidermal growth factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 1998;37(2):77-83.
- 73400
- Epstein J, Partin A, Simon I, and et al. Prostate tissue effects of saw palmetto extract in men with symptomatic BPH. J Urol 1999;161(4S):362.
- 73402
- Sosnowska J, Balslev H. American palm ethnomedicine: a meta-analysis. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2009;24(5):43.
- 73403
- Boccafoschi C, Annoscia S. Confronto fra estratto di Serenoa repens e placebo mediate prova clinica controllata in pazienti con adenomatosi prostatica. Urologia 1983;50:1257-1268.
- 73404
- Braeckman J. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the plant extract Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign hyperplasia of the prostate. European Journal of Clinical Research. 1997;9:247-259.
- 73405
- Cukier J, Ducassou J Le Guillou M Leriche A Lobel B Toubol J. [Permixon versus placebo; resultats d’une étude multicentrique]. Comptes Rendus deTherapeutique et de Pharmacologie Clinique. 1985;4:15-21.
- 73406 Descotes JL, Rambeaud JJ Deschaseaux P Faure G. Placebo controlled evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of Permixon in benign prostatic hyperplasia after the exclusion of placebo responders. Clinical Drug Investigation. 1995;5:291-297.
- 73407 Emili E, Lo Cigno M Petrone U. [Risultati clinici su un nuovo farmaco nella terapia dell’ipertofia della prostata (Permixon)]. Urologia. 1983;50:1042-1048.
- 73408 Gabric V, Miskic H. [Behandlung des benignen prostata-adenoms und der chronischen prostatatitis]. Therapiewoche. 1987;37:1775-1788.
- 73409 Lobelenz J. [Extractum Sabal fructus bei benigner prostatahyperplasie (BPH). klinische prufung im stadium I und II]. Therapeutikon. 1992;6(1-2):34-37.
- 73410 Mandressi S, Tarallo U Maggioni A Tombolini P Rocco F Quadraccia. Medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: efficacy of the extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) compared to that of the extract of Pygeum africanum and a placebo. Urologia. 1983;50(4):752-758.
- 73411 Mattei FM, Capone M Acconcia A. [Medikamentose therapie der benignen prostatahyperplasie mit einem extrakt der sagepalme]. TW Urologie Nephrologie. 1990;2:346-350.
- 73412 Metzker H, Kieser M Holscher U. [Wirksamkeit eines Sabal-Urtica-kombinationspraparates bei der behandlung der benignen prostatahyperplasie (BPH)]. Der Urologe B. 1996;36(4):292-300.
- 73413 Pannunzio E, D’Ascenzo R, Giardinetti F, and et al. Serenoa repens vs. gestonorone caproato nel trattamento dell’ipertrofia prostatica benigna. Studio randomizzato. Urologia 1986;53(5):696-705.
- 73414 Semino A, Ortega L, Cobo G, and et al. [Symptomatic treatment of benign hypertrophy of the prostate. Comparative study of prazosin and serenoa repens.]. Archivos Espanoles de Urologia 1992;45(3):211-213.
- 73415 Authie D and Cauquil J. Appreciation de l’efficacite de permixon en pratique quotidienne. [Appreciation of the in practice daily effectiveness of permixon]. C R Ther Pharmacol Clin 1987;5(56):4-13.
- 73416 Boccafoschi C and Annoscia S. Confronto fra estratto di Serenoa repens e placebo mediante prova clinica controllata in pazienti con adenomatosi prostatica. Urologia 1983;50(6):1257-1268.
- 73417 Emili E, Lo Cigno M, and Petrone U. Risultati clinici su un nuovo farmaco nella terapia dell’ipertrofia della prostata (Permixon). Urologia 1983;50(5):1042-1048.
- 73418 Foroutan F. Wirksamkeit und vertraglichkeit von permixon bei einem grosseren patientenkollektiv (592 patienten) unter praxisbedingungen. J Urol Urogynakol 1997;2:17-21.
- 73419 Mandressi A, Tarallo U, Maggioni A, and et al. Terapia medica dell’adenoma prostatico: confronto della efficacia del’estratto di serenoa repens (Permixon) versus l’estratto di pigeum africanum e placebo. Valutazione in doppio cieco. Urologia 1983;50(4):752-757.
- 73420 Gabric V and Miskic H. Behandlung des benignen Prostataadenoms und der chronischen Prostatitis. Placebokontrollierte randomisierte doppelblindstudie mit Prostagutt. Therapiewoche 1987;37:1775-1788.
- 73421 Löbelenz J. Extractum Sabal fructus bei benigner Prostatahyperplasie (BPH): Klinische Prüfung im Stadium I und II. Therapeutikon 1992;6(1-2):34, 37.
- 73422 Mattei FM, Capone M, and Acconcia A. Medikamentose therapie der benignen prostatahyperplasie mit einem extrakt der sagepalme. TW Urol Nephrol 1990;2(5):346-350.
- 73423
- Metzker H, Kieser M, and Hölscher U. Wirksamkeit eines Sabal-Urtica-kombinationspraparates bei der behandlung der benignen prostatahyperplasie (BPH). Urologe 1996;36(4):292-300.
- 73424 Mandressi A. Treatment of uncomplicated benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) by an extract of Serenoa repens: clinical results. J En docrinol Invest 1987;10 (suppl 2):49.
- 73425 Comar OB and Di Rienzo A. Mepartricina versus Serenoa repens: studio sperimentale doppio cieco su 20 casi di iperplasia prostatica benigna. Riv Ital Biol Med 1986;6(2):122-125.
- 73426 Savel’eva KV, Kachanova MV Pavlov VN Kazikhinurov RA Frolov MY Mukhin AB Udut VV Yurmazov ZA Dugina YL Sergeeva SA Epshtein OI. Clinical study of the efficiency and safety of afala in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2009;148(2):305-307.
- 73427 Tosto A, Rovereto B, Paoletti MC, and et al. Study of Serenoa repens in treatment of functional secondary adenoma of the prostate: consideration of 20 cases. Urologia 1985;52:536-542.
- 73428 Ziegler H and Holscher U. Efficacy of saw palmetto fruit special extract WS1473 in patients with Alken stage I-II benign prostatic hyperplasia–open multicentre study. Jatros Uro 1998;14(3):34-43.
- 73429 Paoletti PP, Francalanci R, Tenti S, and et al. Medical treatment of prostatic hypertrophy. Experience with Serenoa repens extract. Urologia 1986;53:182-187.
- 73430 Greca P and Volip R. Experience with a new drug in the medical treatment of prostatic adenoma. Urologia 1985;52:532-535.
- 73431 Carreras JO. Novel treatment with a hexane extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Archiv Esp de Urolog 1987;40:310-313.
- 73432 Cirillo-Marucco E, Pagliarulo A, Tritto G, and et al. L’estratto di Serenoa repens (Permixon) nel trattamento precoce dell’ipertrofia prostatica . Urologia 1983;50(6):1269-1277.
- 73433 Breza, J., Kliment, J., Valansky, L., and et al. Prostamol Uno (Alcohol extract of the fruits of
- 73434 Redecker KD. [Sabal extract WS 1473 in benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Extracta Urologica 1998;21(3):23-25.
- 73435 Morganti P, Fabrizi G, James B, and et al. Effect of gelatin-cystine and Serenoa repens extract on free radicals level and hair growth. J Appl Cosmetol 1998;16:57-64.
- 89441 Tacklind J, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Stanke JU, Wilt TJ. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12:CD001423.
- 89442 Stamatiou K, Pierris N. Serenoa repens extract additionally to quinolones in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The preliminary results of a long term observational study. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2013;85(4):190-6.
- 89443 Ryu YW, Lim SW, Kim JH, Ahn SH, Choi JD. Comparison of tamsulosin plus serenoa repens with tamsulosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Korean men: 1-year randomized open label study. Urol Int. 2015;94(2):187-93.
- 89444 Rossi A, Mari E, Scarno M, et al. Comparitive effectiveness of finasteride vs Serenoa repens in male androgenetic alopecia: a two-year study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012;25(4):1167-73.
- 89446 Iacono F, Prezioso D, Illiano E, et al. Observational study: daily treatment with a new compound “Tradamixina” plus serenoa repens for two months improved the lower urinary tract symptoms. BMC Surg 2012;12 Suppl 1:S22.
- 89448 Argirovic A, Argirovic D. Does the addition of Serenoa repens to tamsulosin improve its therapeutical efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia? Vojnosanit Pregl 2013;70(12):1091-6.
- 89449 Murugusundram S. Serenoa Repens: Does It have Any Role in the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia? J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2009;2(1):31-2.
- 89450 Tracy TS. Saw palmetto. In: Tracy TS, Kingston RL, eds. Herbal Products. Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Second Edition. Totowa NJ: Humana Press Inc.; 2007.
- 90354 Morgia G, Russo G, Voce S, et al. Serenoa repens, lycopene and selenium versus tamsulosin for the treatment of LUTS/BPH. An Italian multicenter double-blinded randomized study between single or combination therapy (PROCOMB trial). Prostate 2014;74(15):1471-80. View abstract .
- 92164 Coulson S, Rao A, Beck SL, et al. A phase II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ProstateEZE Max: a herbal medicine preparation for the management of symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Compl Ther Med 2013;21:172-9.
- 96409 Saidi S, Stavridis S, Stankov O, Dohcev S, Panov S. Effects of Serenoa repens alcohol extract on benign prostate hyperplasia. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2017;38(2):123-129. doi: 10.1515/prilozi-2017-0030.
- 96410 Novara G, Giannarini G, Alcaraz A, et al. Efficacy and safety of hexanic lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Urol Focus. 2016;2(5):553-561. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.04.002.
- 96411 Busetto GM, Giovannone R, Ferro M,et al. Chronic bacterial prostatitis: efficacy of short-lasting antibiotic therapy with prulifloxacin (Unidrox®) in association with saw palmetto extract, lactobacillus sporogens and arbutin (Lactorepens®). BMC Urol. 2014;14:53. doi: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-53.
- 96412 Wyatt GK, Sikorskii A, Safikhani A, McVary KT, Herman J. Saw palmetto for symptom management during radiation therapy for prostate cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016;51(6):1046-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.315.
- 96413 Jipescu D, Patel A, Bohra H, Pientka A. Rare case of saw palmetto induced heart block. JACC 2017;69(11) supplement:2310.
- 96414 Morabito P, Miroddi M, Giovinazzo S, Spina E, Calapai G. Serenoa repens as an endocrine disruptor in a 10-year-Old young girl: a new case report. Pharmacology. 2015;96(1-2):41-3. doi: 10.1159/000431327.
- 96570 Vela-Navarrete R, Alcaraz A, Rodríguez-Antolín A, et al. Efficacy and safety of a hexanic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon®) for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH): systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. BJU Int 2018;122(6):1049-65.
- 96784 Suardi N, Gandaglia G, Nini A, et al. Effects of Difaprost® on voiding dysfunction, histology and inflammation markers in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who are candidates for surgical treatment. Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2014;66(2):119-25.
- 97255 Morgia G, Vespasiani G, Pareo RM, et al. Serenoa repens + selenium + lycopene vs. tadalafil 5 mg for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction: a phase IV, non-inferiority, open-label, clinical study (SPRITE study). BJU Int 2018;122(2):317-25.
- 102835 Russo GI, Scandura C, Di Mauro M, et al. Clinical Efficacy of Serenoa repens Versus Placebo Versus Alpha-blockers for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Enlargement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trials. European Association of Urology Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Men’s Health and Functional Urology Working Groups. Eur Urol Focus 2020; S2405-4569(20)30018-3. doi: 10.1016/j.euf.2020.01.002. Online ahead of print.